{"id":1543,"date":"2024-05-31T18:55:35","date_gmt":"2024-05-31T16:55:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/i.pfahlbauten.de\/nouveau-musee-au-bord-du-lac\/galerie\/enigmes-des-lacustres\/ennemis-sous-leau-et-au-dessus\/"},"modified":"2025-03-11T11:51:00","modified_gmt":"2025-03-11T10:51:00","slug":"ennemis-sous-leau-et-au-dessus","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/i.pfahlbauten.de\/fr\/nouveau-musee-au-bord-du-lac\/galerie\/enigmes-des-lacustres\/ennemis-sous-leau-et-au-dessus\/","title":{"rendered":"Ennemis sous l&rsquo;eau et au-dessus"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id='vitrine'  class='avia-section av-lwhwhwpi-c5832ec490154b2dc6e1678d059436a7 alternate_color avia-section-default avia-no-border-styling  avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_section  avia-builder-el-first  avia-bg-style-scroll container_wrap fullsize'  ><div class='container av-section-cont-open' ><main  role=\"main\" itemprop=\"mainContentOfPage\"  class='template-page content  av-content-full alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-1543'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-bldmf-d22a094192a68a21ebc23d11319a597d\">\n#top .flex_column.av-bldmf-d22a094192a68a21ebc23d11319a597d{\nmargin-top:0px;\nmargin-bottom:0px;\n}\n.responsive #top #wrap_all .flex_column.av-bldmf-d22a094192a68a21ebc23d11319a597d{\nmargin-top:0px;\nmargin-bottom:0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-bldmf-d22a094192a68a21ebc23d11319a597d av_one_full  avia-builder-el-1  avia-builder-el-no-sibling  first flex_column_div  '     ><section  class='av_textblock_section av-lwhwb3tx-7e4fa31f1f3e571092a1c1781be8e765 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>Vitrine 15<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div><\/main><!-- close content main element --><\/div><\/div><div id='a'  class='avia-section av-6boj-964839248dbaa131430c011e9e66912b main_color avia-section-default avia-no-border-styling  avia-builder-el-3  el_after_av_section  avia-builder-el-last  avia-bg-style-scroll container_wrap fullsize'  ><div class='container av-section-cont-open' ><div class='template-page content  av-content-full alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-1543'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n<div  class='flex_column av-xke3-96c4b674a30a3471a9bbcaf7b1f7955b av_one_full  avia-builder-el-4  avia-builder-el-no-sibling  first flex_column_div  '     ><p>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-lw9ee3ch-bc10b37cde5a3e6b5b97c0f982d0ad5b\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-lw9ee3ch-bc10b37cde5a3e6b5b97c0f982d0ad5b{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-lw9ee3ch-bc10b37cde5a3e6b5b97c0f982d0ad5b .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-lw9ee3ch-bc10b37cde5a3e6b5b97c0f982d0ad5b .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-lw9ee3ch-bc10b37cde5a3e6b5b97c0f982d0ad5b av-special-heading-h3  avia-builder-el-5  el_before_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-first '><h3 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >Ennemis sous l\u2019eau et au-dessus &#8211; Sites lacustres menac\u00e9s<\/h3><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-lw6p7skz-da037d8ac2f5c243e2f9b90a776444f2 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>Jusqu&rsquo;au d\u00e9but de l&rsquo;industrialisation et du tourisme, les vestiges des maisons sur pilotis \u00e9taient bien prot\u00e9g\u00e9s dans les lacs. Des rives naturelles assuraient la conservation des sites \u00e0 l&rsquo;abri de l&rsquo;air et de la couverture s\u00e9dimentaire. D&rsquo;une part, la construction d&rsquo;installations portuaires, de murs de rive et de canalisations d&rsquo;eaux us\u00e9es a conduit \u00e0 la d\u00e9couverte de nouveaux sites palafittiques. Mais d&rsquo;un autre c\u00f4t\u00e9, l&rsquo;\u00e9rosion accrue qui en a r\u00e9sult\u00e9 a endommag\u00e9 les rives naturelles et les anciennes colonies.   <\/p>\n<p>Ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, la moule quagga de la mer Noire est arriv\u00e9e dans le lac de Constance par le biais de coques de bateaux non nettoy\u00e9es. Elle \u00e9vince les esp\u00e8ces indig\u00e8nes comme la moule triangulaire et s&rsquo;installe sur les pieux et le fond du lac. L&rsquo;\u00e9crevisse de Kamber, originaire d&rsquo;Am\u00e9rique du Nord, colonise les sites palafittiques et creuse des galeries dans les couches de culture. Le castor indig\u00e8ne creuse \u00e9galement les sites du patrimoine mondial.   <\/p>\n<p>Le changement climatique g\u00e9n\u00e8re des \u00e9tiages de plus en plus fr\u00e9quents et favorise la croissance de l&rsquo;herbe \u00e0 frai suisse dans le lac. Elle envahit les champs de pieux et attaque la surface des bois. On tente d&rsquo;endiguer l&rsquo;\u00e9rosion \u00e0 l&rsquo;aide de g\u00e9otextiles et de remblais de gravier. Un monitoring continu par le service de conservation du patrimoine, avec relev\u00e9 des d\u00e9g\u00e2ts, doit aider \u00e0 d\u00e9velopper des concepts de conservation.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-lwuv02rl-f1eece9ef17b73c6ac4adb93429df461 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h6>1<\/h6>\n<p><b>\u00c9crevisse de Kamber au fond du lac<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b> <\/b>Photo: M. Proch\u00e1zka | stockadobe<\/p>\n<h6>2<\/h6>\n<p><strong>Plongeur dans l&rsquo;habitat riverain de Constance Frauenpfahl. Le ch\u00e9nopode suisse envahit les restes de bois, 2018 <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Photo: M. Mainberger UWARC pour le compte de LAD<\/p>\n<h6>3<\/h6>\n<p><strong>Moules quagga dans le lotissement littoral d&rsquo;Unteruhldingen-Stollenwiesen, 2022<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Photo: Submaris pour le compte de LAD<\/p>\n<h6>4<\/h6>\n<p><strong>Drague aspirante dans le lotissement riverain de Litzelstetten, 1975<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Photo: LAD<\/p>\n<h6>5<\/h6>\n<p><strong>Dommages caus\u00e9s par le gel aux pieux du villagew lacustre d&rsquo;Unteruhldingen-Bayenwiesen en cas de niveau d&rsquo;eau bas en hiver<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Photo: G. Sch\u00f6bel | APM<\/p>\n<h6><span style=\"color: #000000;\">6\u200b<\/span><\/h6>\n<p><strong>Section de pieu | Bois de ch\u00eane avec coquilles de quagga | 975 av. J.-C. | Unteruhldingen-Stollenwiesen | APM<\/strong><\/p>\n<h6>7<\/h6>\n<p><b>\u00c9crevisse de Kamber | APM<\/b><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":1358,"menu_order":150,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1543","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/i.pfahlbauten.de\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1543","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/i.pfahlbauten.de\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/i.pfahlbauten.de\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/i.pfahlbauten.de\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/i.pfahlbauten.de\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1543"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/i.pfahlbauten.de\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1543\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/i.pfahlbauten.de\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1358"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/i.pfahlbauten.de\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1543"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}