{"id":879,"date":"2024-05-31T18:55:35","date_gmt":"2024-05-31T16:55:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/i.pfahlbauten.de\/museum\/gallery\/the-mystery-of-the-pile-dwellers\/enemies-in-and-above-water\/"},"modified":"2024-06-28T09:47:15","modified_gmt":"2024-06-28T07:47:15","slug":"enemies","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/i.pfahlbauten.de\/en\/museum\/gallery\/the-mystery-of-the-pile-dwellers\/enemies\/","title":{"rendered":"Enemies in and above water"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id='vitrine'  class='avia-section av-lwhwhwpi-c5832ec490154b2dc6e1678d059436a7 alternate_color avia-section-default avia-no-border-styling  avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_section  avia-builder-el-first  avia-bg-style-scroll container_wrap fullsize'  ><div class='container av-section-cont-open' ><main  role=\"main\" itemprop=\"mainContentOfPage\"  class='template-page content  av-content-full alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-879'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-bldmf-d22a094192a68a21ebc23d11319a597d\">\n#top .flex_column.av-bldmf-d22a094192a68a21ebc23d11319a597d{\nmargin-top:0px;\nmargin-bottom:0px;\n}\n.responsive #top #wrap_all .flex_column.av-bldmf-d22a094192a68a21ebc23d11319a597d{\nmargin-top:0px;\nmargin-bottom:0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-bldmf-d22a094192a68a21ebc23d11319a597d av_one_full  avia-builder-el-1  avia-builder-el-no-sibling  first flex_column_div  '     ><section  class='av_textblock_section av-lwhwb3tx-7e4fa31f1f3e571092a1c1781be8e765 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>Showcase 15<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div><\/main><!-- close content main element --><\/div><\/div><div id='a'  class='avia-section av-6boj-964839248dbaa131430c011e9e66912b main_color avia-section-default avia-no-border-styling  avia-builder-el-3  el_after_av_section  avia-builder-el-last  avia-bg-style-scroll container_wrap fullsize'  ><div class='container av-section-cont-open' ><div class='template-page content  av-content-full alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-879'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n<div  class='flex_column av-xke3-96c4b674a30a3471a9bbcaf7b1f7955b av_one_full  avia-builder-el-4  avia-builder-el-no-sibling  first flex_column_div  '     ><p>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-lw9ee3ch-028513035ded867ee1e7a9026002413b\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-lw9ee3ch-028513035ded867ee1e7a9026002413b{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-lw9ee3ch-028513035ded867ee1e7a9026002413b .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-lw9ee3ch-028513035ded867ee1e7a9026002413b .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-lw9ee3ch-028513035ded867ee1e7a9026002413b av-special-heading-h3  avia-builder-el-5  el_before_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-first '><h3 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >Enemies in and above water \u2013 Endangered pile dwellings!<\/h3><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-lw6p7skz-da037d8ac2f5c243e2f9b90a776444f2 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>Until the dawn of industrialization and tourism, the remains of the pile dwellings were well protected. Until the dawn of industrialization and tourism, the remains of the pile dwellings were well protected. On the one hand, the construction of port facilities, sea walls and sewage pipes led to the discovery of new pile dwellings. On the other hand, the increased erosion caused by these works damaged both the natural shores and the ancient settlements.<\/p>\n<p>In recent years, quagga mussels from the Black Sea have reached Lake Constance through soiled ship hulls. It replaces native species such as the triangular mussel and settles on piles and the lake bed. The American crayfish colonizes the pile dwelling sites and creates tunnels in their cultural layers. The native beaver also burrows through the World Heritage sites.<\/p>\n<p>Climate change is causing low water levels more and more frequently as well as favoring the growth of Swiss pondweed. It overgrows the pile fields and attacks the surfaces of the wood. Attempts are being made to curb erosion with geotextiles and gravel fills. Continuous monitoring by the State Office for Monument Protection should help to develop preservation concepts.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-lwuv02rl-f1eece9ef17b73c6ac4adb93429df461 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h6>1<\/h6>\n<p><b>American camber crayfish at the bottom of the lake<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b> <\/b>Photo: M. Proch\u00e1zka | stockadobe<\/p>\n<h6>2<\/h6>\n<p><strong>Scuba diver in the waterfront settlement of Konstanz-Frauenpfahl. Swiss pondweed overgrows the wooden remains in 2018<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Photo: M. Mainberger UWARC on behalf of LAD<\/p>\n<h6>3<\/h6>\n<p><strong>Live quagga mussel in the lakeside settlement of Unteruhldingen-Stollenwiesen in 2022<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Photo: Submaris on behalf of LAD<\/p>\n<h6>4<\/h6>\n<p><strong>Suction dredger at the lakeside settlement of Litzelstetten in 1975<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Photo: LAD<\/p>\n<h6>5<\/h6>\n<p><strong>Frost damage to piles at the lakeside settlement of Unteruhldingen-Bayenwiesen riverside due to low water levels during winter.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Photo: G. Sch\u00f6bel | APM<\/p>\n<h6><span style=\"color: #000000;\">6\u200b<\/span><\/h6>\n<p><strong>Pile | Oak wood and quagga mussels | 975 BC | Unteruhldingen-Stollenwiesen | APM<\/strong><\/p>\n<h6>7<\/h6>\n<p><b>American camber crayfish | APM<\/b><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":651,"menu_order":150,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-879","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/i.pfahlbauten.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/879","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/i.pfahlbauten.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/i.pfahlbauten.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/i.pfahlbauten.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/i.pfahlbauten.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=879"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/i.pfahlbauten.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/879\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/i.pfahlbauten.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/651"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/i.pfahlbauten.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=879"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}