{"id":845,"date":"2024-05-31T16:08:07","date_gmt":"2024-05-31T14:08:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/i.pfahlbauten.de\/museum\/ground-floor\/traces-of-the-pile-dwellers\/the-beginnings-of-underwater-archaeology-at-lake-constance\/"},"modified":"2024-06-28T10:58:02","modified_gmt":"2024-06-28T08:58:02","slug":"underwater-archaeology","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/i.pfahlbauten.de\/en\/museum\/gf\/traces-of-the-pile-dwellers\/underwater-archaeology\/","title":{"rendered":"The beginnings of underwater archaeology at Lake Constance"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id='vitrine'  class='avia-section av-lwhwhwpi-c5832ec490154b2dc6e1678d059436a7 alternate_color avia-section-default avia-no-border-styling  avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_submenu  avia-builder-el-first  avia-bg-style-scroll container_wrap fullsize'  ><div class='container av-section-cont-open' ><main  role=\"main\" itemprop=\"mainContentOfPage\"  class='template-page content  av-content-full alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-845'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-bldmf-d22a094192a68a21ebc23d11319a597d\">\n#top .flex_column.av-bldmf-d22a094192a68a21ebc23d11319a597d{\nmargin-top:0px;\nmargin-bottom:0px;\n}\n.responsive #top #wrap_all .flex_column.av-bldmf-d22a094192a68a21ebc23d11319a597d{\nmargin-top:0px;\nmargin-bottom:0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-bldmf-d22a094192a68a21ebc23d11319a597d av_one_full  avia-builder-el-1  avia-builder-el-no-sibling  first flex_column_div  '     ><section  class='av_textblock_section av-lwhwb3tx-7e4fa31f1f3e571092a1c1781be8e765 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>Showcase underwater archaeology<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div><\/main><!-- close content main element --><\/div><\/div><div class='clear'><\/div><div id='sub_menu1'  class='av-submenu-container av-lwgnskqx-d9882518e42ac95f7c33a37d035ea288 alternate_color  avia-builder-el-3  el_after_av_section  el_before_av_section  av-sticky-submenu submenu-not-first container_wrap fullsize' style='z-index:301' ><div class='container av-menu-mobile-disabled av-submenu-pos-left'><ul id='av-custom-submenu-1' class='av-subnav-menu' role='menu'>\n<li class='menu-item av-lwgns3be-137b239cf5ec68884609e97361b515bb menu-item-top-level menu-item-top-level-1' role='menuitem'><a href='#top'  ><span class='avia-bullet'><\/span><span class='avia-menu-text'>Case 1<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class='menu-item av-lwgns3be-3-7c605388f1e240ff719a6fdb117eb0a1 menu-item-top-level menu-item-top-level-2' role='menuitem'><a href='#b'  ><span class='avia-bullet'><\/span><span class='avia-menu-text'>Case 2<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class='menu-item av-lwgns3be-2-39a3ab5668c2aa69290b1705e015e93c menu-item-top-level menu-item-top-level-3' role='menuitem'><a href='#c'  ><span class='avia-bullet'><\/span><span class='avia-menu-text'>Case 3<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class='menu-item av-lwgns3be-1-24c38f05aee45db61fd889c690e55ed1 menu-item-top-level menu-item-top-level-4' role='menuitem'><a href='#d'  ><span class='avia-bullet'><\/span><span class='avia-menu-text'>Case 4<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul><\/div><\/div><div class='sticky_placeholder'><\/div>\n<div id='a'  class='avia-section av-6boj-964839248dbaa131430c011e9e66912b main_color avia-section-default avia-no-border-styling  avia-builder-el-4  el_after_av_submenu  el_before_av_section  avia-bg-style-scroll container_wrap fullsize'  ><div class='container av-section-cont-open' ><div class='template-page content  av-content-full alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-845'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n<div  class='flex_column av-xke3-96c4b674a30a3471a9bbcaf7b1f7955b av_one_full  avia-builder-el-5  avia-builder-el-no-sibling  first flex_column_div  '     ><p>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-lw9ee3ch-fff1fbbef1881b0986304af0ddc946c4\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-lw9ee3ch-fff1fbbef1881b0986304af0ddc946c4{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-lw9ee3ch-fff1fbbef1881b0986304af0ddc946c4 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-lw9ee3ch-fff1fbbef1881b0986304af0ddc946c4 .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-lw9ee3ch-fff1fbbef1881b0986304af0ddc946c4 av-special-heading-h3  avia-builder-el-6  el_before_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-first '><h3 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >The beginnings of underwater archaeology at Lake Constance<\/h3><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-lw6p7skz-da037d8ac2f5c243e2f9b90a776444f2 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>The dream of underwater archaeology is an old one. irst attempts were made with wooden barrels, leather suits and diving helmets made of zinc sheets, the success of which left much to be desired. Around 1940 the two diving pioneers Hans Hass and Jacques Cousteau developed an underwater breathing apparatus. Originally intended for naval use, this new diving device allowed its users to breath underwater while having an almost unhindered mobility.<\/p>\n<p>In 1952 the first underwater research group was founded at Lake Constance. Two years later, the photographic documentation of the pile dwellings in Unteruhldingen started with a camera placed in a waterproof casing. At the same time, the prehistoric underwater pile field was recorded using plastic drawing boards.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-z41ic-7bd763dbc3313ad63e58076227b8369a '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><strong>Plunging into the underwater world<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>This diving suit was developed specifically for use in Unteruhldingen in the 1950s. Particular attention was paid to the tightness of the cuffs and the diver&#8217;s freedom of movement. In 1967, an international patent was applied for a successor model with a full-body suit made of rubber and later in 1976 a German patent in Meersburg\/Germany was also registered, under the number DE1976113U.<\/p>\n<p>Textile rubber suit for diving purposes, by Eberhard Graf, Biberach, 1954, with fins, mask, snorkel and an underwater camera | APM<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/p><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><!-- close content main div --><\/div><\/div><div id='b'  class='avia-section av-1pmwic-24b708d5b114dd4510cad77241bcbd88 main_color avia-section-default avia-no-border-styling  avia-builder-el-9  el_after_av_section  el_before_av_section  avia-bg-style-scroll container_wrap fullsize'  ><div class='container av-section-cont-open' ><div class='template-page content  av-content-full alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-845'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n<div  class='flex_column av-1jr3ic-161351744199cb2a3666d0266af8e3d8 av_one_full  avia-builder-el-10  avia-builder-el-no-sibling  first flex_column_div  '     ><section  class='av_textblock_section av-lwgfq2e1-17f20993f1bbc1b02c474a3e98c217db '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><strong>Inside the pile field<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>An underwater archaeologist documents the pile field of Unteruhldingen-Stollenwiesen. Every pile is both labeled and drawn by the scientist. He also takes wood samples for dating. He also takes wood samples for dating. By doing so, the temporal origins of the village can be explored house by house, jetty by jetty.<\/p>\n<p>Since 1981 underwater archaeology has been conducted at Lake Constance for the purpose of preserving the prehistoric sites. Today, complex scientific methods are used to uncover the sediment layers within the lake.<\/p>\n<p>Photo: Submaris on behalf of LAD<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><!-- close content main div --><\/div><\/div><div id='c'  class='avia-section av-157430-207b6953bdfab429ae0f3277c9ed5469 main_color avia-section-default avia-no-border-styling  avia-builder-el-12  el_after_av_section  el_before_av_section  avia-bg-style-scroll container_wrap fullsize'  ><div class='container av-section-cont-open' ><div class='template-page content  av-content-full alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-845'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n<div  class='flex_column av-yzazg-547e05d15266da3f83ef39369ce519c8 av_one_full  avia-builder-el-13  avia-builder-el-no-sibling  first flex_column_div  '     ><section  class='av_textblock_section av-lwgfwz77-824255234a3af1b33d9771d7d83fd089 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><strong>A look inside the history book of the pile dwellings<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>This book&#8217;s pages are made of muddy layers and are inscribed with valuable objects. In the absence of oxygen, unique information have been preserved for millennia.<\/p>\n<p>Can you make out each of the individual layers? They highlight different time periods. The dark layers denote the presence of humans, whose fireplaces left behind charcoal and other organic materials. The light-colored layers formed during times without any human activity, when the lake deposited light-colored mud and gray sands naturally. This way, history can be followed at any pile dwelling settlement from bottom to top.<\/p>\n<p>Varnish profile no. 1 | Wallhausen-Ziegelh\u00fctte | 3800 BC | ALM<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Lake marl<\/li>\n<li>Occupation layer with organic materials and charcoal<\/li>\n<li>Lake marl<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><!-- close content main div --><\/div><\/div><div id='d'  class='avia-section av-e98yk-6280e3fbaaf306221aa044f11d9e6de0 main_color avia-section-default avia-no-border-styling  avia-builder-el-15  el_after_av_section  el_before_av_textblock  avia-bg-style-scroll container_wrap fullsize'  ><div class='container av-section-cont-open' ><div class='template-page content  av-content-full alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-845'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n<div  class='flex_column av-7et1o-55beaa9217a66b0d82b03c0266b9e4b4 av_one_full  avia-builder-el-16  avia-builder-el-no-sibling  first flex_column_div  '     ><section  class='av_textblock_section av-lxak81rn-d79619c86061b82f6f42a655579c718b '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><strong>In the laboratory<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The age of the occupation layers is determined in the laboratory. Remains of wood, charcoal or bones contained in the layers can be dated using various scientific methods. Sometimes, already known and dated artefacts can help. Bones allow conclusions to be drawn about the animals and people. The prehistoric climate and environment can be determined by examining plant remains under the microscope. These research results are the basis for the reconstruction of the pile dwelling settlements.<\/p>\n<p>Photo: scanning electron microscope | stockadobe<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><!-- close content main div --><\/div><\/div><div id='after_section_5'  class='main_color av_default_container_wrap container_wrap fullsize'  ><div class='container av-section-cont-open' ><div class='template-page content  av-content-full alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-845'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-lxycmv8l-5d85e75c81a8145b21d78867c7abf072 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/vg08.met.vgwort.de\/na\/ba484eb66558b77d306954bf15688b\" alt=\"\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\"><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":647,"menu_order":60,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-845","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/i.pfahlbauten.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/845","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/i.pfahlbauten.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/i.pfahlbauten.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/i.pfahlbauten.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/i.pfahlbauten.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=845"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/i.pfahlbauten.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/845\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/i.pfahlbauten.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/647"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/i.pfahlbauten.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=845"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}