{"id":831,"date":"2024-05-31T18:36:42","date_gmt":"2024-05-31T16:36:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/i.pfahlbauten.de\/museum\/gallery\/the-mystery-of-the-pile-dwellers\/in-the-laboratory\/"},"modified":"2024-06-28T11:52:00","modified_gmt":"2024-06-28T09:52:00","slug":"in-the-laboratory","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/i.pfahlbauten.de\/en\/museum\/gallery\/the-mystery-of-the-pile-dwellers\/in-the-laboratory\/","title":{"rendered":"In the laboratory"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id='vitrine'  class='avia-section av-lwhwhwpi-c5832ec490154b2dc6e1678d059436a7 alternate_color avia-section-default avia-no-border-styling  avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_section  avia-builder-el-first  avia-bg-style-scroll container_wrap fullsize'  ><div class='container av-section-cont-open' ><main  role=\"main\" itemprop=\"mainContentOfPage\"  class='template-page content  av-content-full alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-831'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-bldmf-d22a094192a68a21ebc23d11319a597d\">\n#top .flex_column.av-bldmf-d22a094192a68a21ebc23d11319a597d{\nmargin-top:0px;\nmargin-bottom:0px;\n}\n.responsive #top #wrap_all .flex_column.av-bldmf-d22a094192a68a21ebc23d11319a597d{\nmargin-top:0px;\nmargin-bottom:0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-bldmf-d22a094192a68a21ebc23d11319a597d av_one_full  avia-builder-el-1  avia-builder-el-no-sibling  first flex_column_div  '     ><section  class='av_textblock_section av-lwhwb3tx-7e4fa31f1f3e571092a1c1781be8e765 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>Showcase 14<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div><\/main><!-- close content main element --><\/div><\/div><div id='a'  class='avia-section av-6boj-964839248dbaa131430c011e9e66912b main_color avia-section-default avia-no-border-styling  avia-builder-el-3  el_after_av_section  el_before_av_textblock  avia-bg-style-scroll container_wrap fullsize'  ><div class='container av-section-cont-open' ><div class='template-page content  av-content-full alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-831'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n<div  class='flex_column av-xke3-96c4b674a30a3471a9bbcaf7b1f7955b av_one_full  avia-builder-el-4  avia-builder-el-no-sibling  first flex_column_div  '     ><p>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-lw9ee3ch-bc60f71b2a7e5c6fab75cfa6b7489a33\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-lw9ee3ch-bc60f71b2a7e5c6fab75cfa6b7489a33{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-lw9ee3ch-bc60f71b2a7e5c6fab75cfa6b7489a33 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-lw9ee3ch-bc60f71b2a7e5c6fab75cfa6b7489a33 .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-lw9ee3ch-bc60f71b2a7e5c6fab75cfa6b7489a33 av-special-heading-h3  avia-builder-el-5  el_before_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-first '><h3 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >In the laboratory &#8211; Down to the last detail<\/h3><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-lw6p7skz-da037d8ac2f5c243e2f9b90a776444f2 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>Wood, plant remains, animal bones, fish scales, seeds and even tiny things such as pollen are well preserved under water without oxygen. Their analysis provides answers to questions about the environment its occupation by humans.<\/p>\n<p>Piles and other wooden remains enable dating using dendrochronology. To do this, the distances between a tree&#8217;s annual rings are measured. Comparing the ring patterns makes it possible to determine the felling date of the trees and thus the construction date of a pile dwelling.<\/p>\n<p>In drill cores, different layers of soil can be easily differentiated. A detailed examination shows the core&#8217;s components: lake deposits, charcoal, clay, seeds, fruits and plant residues. Even the smallest pollen grains are visible under the microscope. This makes it possible to draw conclusions about the environment of the pile-dwelling settlements: the plants on the bank edge, the pastures and arable land as well as cultivated and wild plants can be identified. Pollen shows the composition of the forest and its changes over thousands of years.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-lwuv02rl-f1eece9ef17b73c6ac4adb93429df461 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h6><b>1  <\/b><\/h6>\n<p><b>Layered deposits Sipplingen-Osthafen<\/b><\/p>\n<p>In this underwater image, light and dark layers can be recognised next to the piles.<\/p>\n<p>The dark layers indicate the presence of humans. They are known as cultural layers and can be recognised by wood, charcoal and blue hut clay deposits. The white layers are lake chalk, calcareous precipitates of algae that settle on the lake bed in undisturbed conditions. Numerous plant remains down to the smallest pollen grains are preserved in all layers. The age of the wood can be determined.<\/p>\n<p>Photo: A. M\u00fcller\/LAD<\/p>\n<h6>2<\/h6>\n<p><strong>The wooden piles of the former pile dwellings are still preserved in many places at Lake Constance. Black oak wood, which is shaped to a pointy cone by waves and sand, is typical. If they protrude from the ground sediment, they become increasingly weathered over the years until they disappear completely.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h6>3<\/h6>\n<p><strong>Sawn-out slices of the original pile clearly show the annual rings of tree from which it was made.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h6>4<\/h6>\n<p><strong>The distance between the annual rings shows very well the growth behavior and the weather conditions during the tree&#8217;s lifetime. <\/strong><\/p>\n<h6><b>5  <\/b><\/h6>\n<p><strong>Stake of a house | Oak | Itznang-Unter Eichen 3237 BC | LAD <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The age of the tree and its felling date can be determined using dendrochronology (determining the age of tree rings).<\/p>\n<h6>6<\/h6>\n<p><strong>Profile sample | Cultural layer and lake chalk | 2800 BC | Schreckensee | LAD <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><b> <\/b>The layers of earth from the lake bed show the places where people settled. By analysing the soil samples, clues can be found about the climate at that time, the water levels in the Stone Age and the shape of the landscape.<b> <\/b><\/p>\n<h6>7<\/h6>\n<p><b>Oak pollen <\/b><\/p>\n<p><b> <\/b>Photo: paldat<\/p>\n<h6>8<\/h6>\n<p><b>Lime pollen<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Photo: paldat\/H. Halbritter<\/p>\n<h6>9<\/h6>\n<p><b>Pea pollen<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b> <\/b>Photo: paldat\/H. Halbritter<\/p>\n<h6>10<\/h6>\n<p><b>White goosefoot pollen<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Foto: paldat\/B. Diethart<\/p>\n<h6>11<\/h6>\n<p><b>Wild carrot pollen<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Photo: paldat\/H. Halbritter<\/p>\n<h6>12<\/h6>\n<p><b>Flax pollen<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Photo: paldat\/H. Halbritter<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/p><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><!-- close content main div --><\/div><\/div><div id='after_section_2'  class='main_color av_default_container_wrap container_wrap fullsize'  ><div class='container av-section-cont-open' ><div class='template-page content  av-content-full alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-831'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-lxydgqcz-c1049ff3d145b597e0a949e285ebc6c9 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/vg08.met.vgwort.de\/na\/c5e5be7910d84bcc3789969b4c8b57\" alt=\"\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\"><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":651,"menu_order":140,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-831","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/i.pfahlbauten.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/831","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/i.pfahlbauten.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/i.pfahlbauten.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/i.pfahlbauten.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/i.pfahlbauten.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=831"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/i.pfahlbauten.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/831\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/i.pfahlbauten.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/651"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/i.pfahlbauten.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=831"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}