{"id":804,"date":"2024-05-31T17:01:49","date_gmt":"2024-05-31T15:01:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/i.pfahlbauten.de\/museum\/gallery\/the-mystery-of-the-pile-dwellers\/germanic-people-celts-romans\/"},"modified":"2024-06-28T11:38:02","modified_gmt":"2024-06-28T09:38:02","slug":"germanic-people-celts-romans","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/i.pfahlbauten.de\/en\/museum\/gallery\/the-mystery-of-the-pile-dwellers\/germanic-people-celts-romans\/","title":{"rendered":"Germanic people, celts, romans"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id='vitrine'  class='avia-section av-lwhwhwpi-c5832ec490154b2dc6e1678d059436a7 alternate_color avia-section-default avia-no-border-styling  avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_section  avia-builder-el-first  avia-bg-style-scroll container_wrap fullsize'  ><div class='container av-section-cont-open' ><main  role=\"main\" itemprop=\"mainContentOfPage\"  class='template-page content  av-content-full alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-804'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-bldmf-d22a094192a68a21ebc23d11319a597d\">\n#top .flex_column.av-bldmf-d22a094192a68a21ebc23d11319a597d{\nmargin-top:0px;\nmargin-bottom:0px;\n}\n.responsive #top #wrap_all .flex_column.av-bldmf-d22a094192a68a21ebc23d11319a597d{\nmargin-top:0px;\nmargin-bottom:0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-bldmf-d22a094192a68a21ebc23d11319a597d av_one_full  avia-builder-el-1  avia-builder-el-no-sibling  first flex_column_div  '     ><section  class='av_textblock_section av-lwhwb3tx-7e4fa31f1f3e571092a1c1781be8e765 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>Showcase 7<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div><\/main><!-- close content main element --><\/div><\/div><div id='a'  class='avia-section av-6boj-964839248dbaa131430c011e9e66912b main_color avia-section-default avia-no-border-styling  avia-builder-el-3  el_after_av_section  el_before_av_textblock  avia-bg-style-scroll container_wrap fullsize'  ><div class='container av-section-cont-open' ><div class='template-page content  av-content-full alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-804'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n<div  class='flex_column av-xke3-96c4b674a30a3471a9bbcaf7b1f7955b av_one_full  avia-builder-el-4  avia-builder-el-no-sibling  first flex_column_div  '     ><p>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-lw9ee3ch-7ea92223dd5a0d676a60320c1168e204\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-lw9ee3ch-7ea92223dd5a0d676a60320c1168e204{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-lw9ee3ch-7ea92223dd5a0d676a60320c1168e204 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-lw9ee3ch-7ea92223dd5a0d676a60320c1168e204 .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-lw9ee3ch-7ea92223dd5a0d676a60320c1168e204 av-special-heading-h3  avia-builder-el-5  el_before_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-first '><h3 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >Germanic people, celts, romans &#8211; Who were the pile dwellers?<\/h3><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-lw6p7skz-da037d8ac2f5c243e2f9b90a776444f2 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>The question of the origin of the pile dwellers has occupied research from the very beginning. Historical sources allowed for different interpretations. Helvetii, Celts, Gauls, Germanic people, Romans, even Phoenicians were considered. Poets and artists took up these interpretations and processed them in theater performances, pageants, novels, poems and oil paintings. In the 19th century, imaginative illustrations were created that show the people dwellers either as Celts &#8211; with red and blonde hair, or as Germanic people &#8211; with eye-catching topknots. In order to document the extensive trade relations to the Mediterranean, they were sometimes portrayed as Phoenician traders. Germans, Swiss, French, Italians, Austrians and proto-Europeans from the east, south and west &#8211; apparently all were up for discussion as the creators of the pile dwellings.<\/p>\n<p>At the beginning of the 20th century, the assumption became widespread that the pile dwellers came from distant Asia and, as Indo-Europeans, had reached Lake Constance via the Danube countries and northern Italy and up the Rhone via Switzerland. . In contrast, the idea of immigration from the north from a \u201coriginal homeland of the Germanic people\u201d remained tenacious. The National Socialists misused this thesis for ideological purposes and fueled a Germanic myth that suddenly ended in Germany in 1945. In Switzerland, research did not assume immigration, but rather a local development from hunter to farmer. All in all, the uncertainty surrounding the question of origin led to a lack of images and explanations from the 1950s onwards.<\/p>\n<p>Today, detailed examinations of the finds, absolute dating and genetic analyzes confirm diverse cultural influences from different directions. For example from the east along the Danube, over the main Alpine ridge from the south and also from the west. The oldest data so far comes from Greece and Macedonia. This question will only be satisfactorily answered after further investigations.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-lwutp56n-c085c02647a9e9b52ced073e270f61e8 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><strong>Hunter&#8217;s homecoming in pile dwelling times<\/strong><br \/>\nIllustration: Johann Gottlieb Hegi, 1865<br \/>\nPhoto: Urban Archeology Zurich (CH)<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;&#8230;and in fact the first warriors without loincloths and helmets protected their shoulders and heads with the skins of wild animals&#8230;\u201c<br \/>\nPhilipp Cl\u00fcvers (1616)<\/p>\n<p><strong>Pile dwellers at the historic parade on the occasion of the Neuch\u00e2tel Cantonal Shooting Festival in 1882<\/strong><br \/>\nPhoto: Lat\u00e8nium (CH)<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;&#8230;the people of that time probably only knew how to tan, so they dressed in nothing but fur and leather&#8230;&#8221;<br \/>\nFriedrich Theodor von Vischer (1879)<\/p>\n<p><strong>Pile dwelling settlement of Konstanz-Rauenegg<\/strong><br \/>\nPainting: Anton Seder, 1871<br \/>\nPhoto: RGM<\/p>\n<p>\u201c&#8230;the hair (of the Gauls) is not only naturally blonde, but they also enhance this peculiar colour through artificial treatment.\u201d<br \/>\nDiodorus Siculus (around 40 AD)<\/p>\n<p><strong>The pile dweller<\/strong><br \/>\nPainting: Albert Anker, 1886<br \/>\nPhoto: SIK (CH)<\/p>\n<p>\u201c&#8230; a characteristic of this people is the custom of wearing their hair diagonally and tying it up in a topknot. This is how the Suebi differ from the other Germanic peoples &#8230;&#8221;<br \/>\nPublius Cornelius Tacitus (98 AD)<\/p>\n<p><strong>Romantic pile dwellings<\/strong><br \/>\nPainting by Carl von Haeberlin, 1887<br \/>\nPhoto: APM<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;&#8230; The women of the Gauls are not only not inferior to the men in terms of body size, but are also a match for them in terms of strength.&#8221;<br \/>\nDiodorus Siculus (around 50 AD)<\/p>\n<p><strong>Historic legends of Switzerland, the pile dwellings<\/strong><br \/>\nLiebig collective picture, 1939<br \/>\nPhoto: APM<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe tribes of Germania are a unique, unmixed people with incomparable characteristics. That&#8217;s why everyone&#8217;s external appearance is the same: everyone has defiant blue eyes, reddish-blonde hair and gigantic bodies, which of course are only good for attack.\u201c<br \/>\nPublius Cornelius Tacitus (98 AD)<\/p>\n<p><strong>Pile dwellings<\/strong><br \/>\nLiebig collective picture, 1939<br \/>\nPhoto: APM<\/p>\n<p>\u201c\u2026 The parts beyond the Rhenus, immediately after the land of the Celts&#8230; are occupied by the Germanic people, who differ only slightly from the Celtic tribe, in that they are wilder and larger and have yellower hair &#8230;\u201c<br \/>\nStrabo (7 BC)<\/p>\n<p><strong>Germanic woman and man of the Bronze Age around 1500 BC<\/strong><br \/>\nFigurines: Heinrich Keiling, after H. Hahne, Halle around 1927\/28<br \/>\nPhoto: LFA Halle<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;It could therefore appear as if ancient fur clothing gave way completely to woven clothing in the Bronze Age.&#8221;<br \/>\nFriedrich Rausch (1928)<\/p>\n<p><strong>Living history in the pile dwellings, 1934<\/strong><br \/>\nPhoto: Udry | APM<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;Naked people of the South Seas in fake Stone Age costumes are &#8230; unusable. &#8230; I will now send costume figures with nice Bronze Age clothing.&#8221;<br \/>\nHans Reinerth to Georg Sulger (1932)<\/p>\n<p><strong>Decapitated Germanic figurines made of gypsum, after 1945<\/strong><br \/>\nFigurines by Heinrich Keiling after H. Hahne in the archive of the Pile Dwelling Museum<br \/>\nPhoto: G. Sch\u00f6bel | APM<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;The racial types are ideal images that could not have existed in this form before.&#8221;<br \/>\nOscar Paret (1947)<\/p>\n<p><strong>Pile dwellers<\/strong><br \/>\nBlackboard sketch for school teaching<br \/>\nIllustration: H. Pfenninger, 1967<br \/>\nPhoto: P. Raimann<\/p>\n<p>\u201cBecause we don\u2019t want to show a false life portrait, we show &#8230; the architecture or the people only from a distance.\u201d<br \/>\nAndrea Hagendorn and Marco Bernasconi (2022)<\/p>\n<p><strong>Pile dwellers<\/strong><br \/>\nSchool mural around 1960<br \/>\nIllustration: P. Eichenberger<br \/>\nPhoto: Frank M\u00fcller | APM<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;Light skin is the result of migration: The first farmers &#8230; not only brought agriculture and livestock with them, but also a weaker skin pigmentation.&#8221;<br \/>\nJohannes Krause (2021)<\/p>\n<p><strong>Morning after the storm (neolithic lakeside settlement)<\/strong><br \/>\nIllustration: atelier bunterhund, 2014<br \/>\nPhoto: atelier bunterhund<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe whole appearance of the neolithic people hardly differs from that of the Europeans of the 20th century!\u201d<br \/>\nAlex R. Furger (1983)<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/p><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><!-- close content main div --><\/div><\/div><div id='after_section_2'  class='main_color av_default_container_wrap container_wrap fullsize'  ><div class='container av-section-cont-open' ><div class='template-page content  av-content-full alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-804'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-lxycrmu2-16967eabc45d4186e45cb758f7b613cd '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/vg08.met.vgwort.de\/na\/521472a659f3d7a029c099a949c922\" alt=\"\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\"><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":651,"menu_order":70,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-804","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/i.pfahlbauten.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/804","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/i.pfahlbauten.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/i.pfahlbauten.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/i.pfahlbauten.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/i.pfahlbauten.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=804"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/i.pfahlbauten.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/804\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/i.pfahlbauten.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/651"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/i.pfahlbauten.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=804"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}